Month: October 2020

Yard Catchup

©2020 Karen Richards

It’s been slow going for a few weeks and I’ve not added a lot of new species to my Yard List. There are many reasons for this, including the fact we’ve removed a lot of vegetation, the days are colder and darker, and most of all, I’m not spending as much time in the yard with a camera.

The top photo is a western conifer seed bug, a fairly large true bug with a vegetarian diet. They feed on pine cones, which I suppose could be destructive if there were too many of them on too few trees, but I don’t think that’s generally a problem. They lay eggs on pine needles and go through simple metamorphosis in the spring and summer. The adults show up in the fall and overwinter, so they are often seen trying to find warm places to settle in around people’s homes this time of year.

©2020 Karen Richards

Here’s another bug that was new to the yard recently, a damsel bug in the family Nabidae. These big-eyed hemipterans are predators, and their proboscis has a sharp piercing point, unlike the seed bug above. Maybe that’s why it seems to have a guilty look.

©2020 Karen Richards

Last, this weird looking little fly was just outside our yard, in the alley. Its front legs are so much longer, and differently colored, that they look like antennae when the fly is skittering around. Well, I was less thrilled with my find when I looked it up and found out it’s part of a black fly genus, Simulium, that can cause diseases, including river blindness. There are hundreds of flies in the genus, so I doubt this individual has any nasty tendencies, but it might have anti-coagulants in its saliva to allow it to dine on blood and keep it from clotting.

That’s all for now. I hope you find time to enjoy nature this week.

Host With the Most

©2020 Karen Richards

I had a suspicion a while ago that I’d need / want to know more about plants as I dive deeper into entomology. Humans are incredible generalists, so it’s foreign to us that nearly all of the insect world has such specific plant and habitat needs, to the point where insect species can vary from one hilltop to the next, or one type of fig tree to another.

It’s easier to get my head around plantlife in the fall, because not much is flowering, and anything that is in bloom gets a lot of insect attention. So today I’ll talk about a collection of insects that I’ve seen on a local coyote brush (more about the plant later).

I found the diurnal firefly above a couple of weeks ago. The non-luminescent, western beetle was the subject of my latest column for the Mount Pisgah Arboretum here, so I won’t say more today except that I felt lucky to have seen it.

©2020 Karen Richards

This is a Coccinellidae family, Olla genus beetle. I’m slowly building a collection of interesting lady beetles and was happy to see this cream-colored one on the coyote brush. You can see a little bee behind it … the bush is electric with the movement of hundreds of these Ceratina genus carpenter bees whenever I’m there and it’s sunny.

A USDA document I found says that a researcher named Steffen found 54 species of insects visiting a coyote brush in 1997. Well that sounds like a challenge! I’ve been there three or four days and taken pictures of 26 different species. I know there are several insects I didn’t get pictures of, so I’ll go back to this generous host plant one or two more times in the next week to see who’s there.

©2020 Karen Richards

This Gymnosoma genus fly is a convincing ladybug mimic. It’s worth sporting a spotted bright red abdomen if you’re this fly, because ladybugs are poisonous to birds. The black buttons on the red, and the white stabilizer halteres that look like ladybug abdomen markings add to the deception.

©2020 Karen Richards

This is a Sphecodes genus bee, aka blood bee. It’s a cuckoo bee that lays eggs in other, usually fellow Halictidae family, bee’s nests.

©2020 Karen Richards

There have been quite a few kinds of butterflies and moths on the coyotebrush as well. Above is a mylitta crescent.

The Jagged Ambush Bug from last week was also crawling about on the coyote brush, and I saw a praying mantis hunting around the base, and a bunch more true bugs, flies and wasps flew off before I could get decent photos. I feel like I’m behaving like the insects–I’m drawn to go back again.

Coyote brush, or Baccharis pilularis, is in the aster family and has lots of admirable characteristics. If it’s planted near streams, it keeps the banks from eroding, it provides places for small mammals to nest under it, it’s fire resistant, and it was used by Native Americans as a poultice for swelling. Each plant is either male, producing pollen, or female, producing seeds (there are decent pictures here). I think the one I’ve been visiting is female, so it’s a hostess plant.

That’s all for this week. If you see a plant buzzing with insect activity near you, stop for a moment. Though it may seem like there is only one type of bee or fly visiting, there are likely dozens of other species there too.

Tiny Dinosaur

©2020 Karen Richards

The first time I saw this bug (above), I only got a good look at its back. I figured it was some kind of shield bug, but I didn’t get any good pictures of it from the side before it flew away. I got home and looked it up and discovered I’d found an ambush bug, a tiny predator equipped with all kinds of deadly tools. The Jagged Ambush Bug has pointed spines, a spear-tipped snout and an enlarged front claw with teeth on it. I really wanted to see another one.

©2020 Karen Richards

Ambush bugs blend in with the flora. Their color can vary and some are more green. Above is a thistle, but several plants near where I saw the bug are colored, and even spined, just like it. Most males are darker than females and this article explores why that is. I read that it’s often easier to find ambush bugs by checking flowers for an unmoving insect, and looking to see why it’s incapacitated.

©2020 Karen Richards

After a couple of failed searches, I lucked out. It’s true, I did see the fly first, and then I saw the ambush bug. They’re in the same family as assassin bugs, and in the Phymatinae genus. Here, you can see the big claw on the right gripping one of the fly’s legs. I couldn’t see all the maneuverings at the time, but when I got home and looked at all my pictures in order, I could see how it used the claws and its beak to hold and manipulate the fly.

©2020 Karen Richards

So here it is from the side. Isn’t it a fantastic beast? It’s like a reptilian insect or a tiny dinosaur! Here, the antenna is held back against the head, and it’s mostly holding the fly with its proboscis. These bugs inject their prey with a digestive enzyme so they can basically drink through a biological straw.

I have to end with one more picture. I’ll make it bigger so you can see more detail.

©2020 Karen Richards

Beware: If you try to do a web search on the ambush bug, it’s also the name of a Marvel character. I like this guy better.